staphylococcus aureus derived lipoteichoic acid  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Innate Immunity

Article Title: The novel polyclonal Ab preparation trimodulin attenuates ex vivo endotoxin-induced immune reactions in early hyperinflammation

doi: 10.1177/1753425919853333

Figure Lengend Snippet: The e x vivo endotoxaemia second hit model. (a) PBMCs or whole blood from healthy donors were primed with endotoxins (LPS: either 0.05 or 0.5 ng/ml LPS, or 1 or 10 µg/ml lipoteichoic acid (LTA) for 1, 4 or 24 h). Different trimodulin concentrations (0, 0.5 or 5 mg/ml) were added for 1 h either simultaneously or after 4 or 24 h of incubation with LPS/LTA. Medium was carefully removed, and cells were challenged with a second high endotoxin dose (LPS*: either 0.5 ng/ml LPS or 10 µg/ml LTA) for exactly 4 h prior to analysis of TNF-α in supernatants. (b) Blood cells from patients with sepsis were considered primed in vivo with bacterial endotoxins for either maximally 24 h (early) or minimally 5 d (late). Whole blood was obtained and treated directly with 0, 0.5 or 5 mg/ml trimodulin for 24 h before ex vivo challenge with a second high LPS* dose for exactly 4 h prior to analysis of TNF-α in plasma. Total endotoxin exposure time is indicated in the grey boxes.

Article Snippet: Purified Escherichia coli LPS 0111:B4, Staphylococcus aureus -derived lipoteichoic acid (LTA), ConA and recombinant IL-2 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).

Techniques: Incubation, In Vivo, Ex Vivo